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The Heritage of Economic Liberty

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For the Founding Fathers, economic liberty was inseparable from the case for political freedom. Many of the grievances enumerated in the Declaration of Independence concern British infringements on the free movement of goods and men between the thirteen colonies and the rest of the world. It was not a coincidence that the same year that saw the Declaration of Independence also saw the publication of Adam Smith's Wealth of Nations. Both represented the ideas of the age. When Smith spoke of a "system of natural liberty" in which "every man, as long as he does not violate the laws of justice, is left perfectly free to pursue his own interests his own way and to bring both his industry and capital into competition with those of other men," he was expressing the economic vision of most of those who fought for freedom from British imperialism in the thirteen colonies.

Book Review: South Africa’s War Against Capitalism

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Apartheid is ending in South Africa. The economic barriers and social restrictions that have stood in the way of greater black-African participation in South African society are being dismantled. The release of Nelson Mandela earlier this year symbolized this more than any other single event so far. But what does the future hold in store for South Africa? The African National Congress wants a one-man, one-vote election to decide the fate of the country. But the ANC is not neutral concerning an economic agenda. ANC literature has equated apartheid with capitalism. And having learned their Marxist-Leninist lessons well, the ANC has declared that the new order should be a socialist one. Nationalization of industry, banking, and commerce has long been the central element in the ANC's economic program. Reinforcing the ANC's position has been the white South African government. For decades the white authorities have also insisted that their government has been a bastion of western civilization on the African continent, ...

The Conquest of the United States by Spain (1898)

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Spain was the first, for a long time the greatest, of the modern imperialist states. The United States, by its historical origin, its traditions, and its principles, is the chief representative of the revolt and reaction against that kind of state. I intend to show that, by the line of action now proposed to us, which we call expansion and imperialism, we are throwing away some of the most important elements of the American symbol and are adopting some of the most important elements of the Spanish symbol. We have beaten Spain in a military conflict, but we are submitting to be conquered by her on the field of ideas and policies. Expansionism and imperialism are nothing but the old philosophies of national prosperity which have brought Spain to where she now is. Those philosophies appeal to national vanity and national cupidity. They are seductive, especially upon the first view and the most superficial judgment, and therefore it cannot be ...